Kennesaw State University
Message from Chair of Local Organizing Committee, USA
Dear Colleagues and Friends,
On behalf of the Local Organizing Committee, it is my great pleasure to warmly welcome you to the 9th ANPA Conference at Kennesaw State University.
We are excited to invite all participants to submit their abstracts and contribute to what promises to be an engaging and inspiring scientific gathering. This conference serves as a vibrant platform for Nepali physicists and researchers across the globe to present their latest work, exchange ideas, and foster meaningful collaborations.
Your participation is what makes ANPA truly special. Whether you are presenting cutting-edge research, exploring new collaborations, or reconnecting with colleagues, this conference is designed to strengthen our scientific community and expand professional networks.
We strongly encourage you to take full advantage of this opportunity, submit your abstracts, share your research, and actively engage with fellow participants. Together, let us make this conference a memorable and impactful event.
We look forward to welcoming you to Kennesaw and to an outstanding conference experience.
Warm regards,
Chetan Dhital, PhD
Chair, Local Organizing Committee
9th ANPA Conference
Kennesaw State University
Central Department of Physics, TU
Message from Chair of Local Organizing Committee, Nepal
On behalf of the Local Organizing Committee of 9th ANPA confernece, it is my pleasure to extend a warm welcome to all of you for the upcoming ANPA Conference, hosted by the Central Department of Physics in association with Nepal Physical Society.
We are thrilled to invite all participants to submit abstracts for invited talks, contributed presentations, and poster sessions. This conference provides an excellent opportunity for physicists and researchers to showcase their latest work, share insights, and foster new collaborations, particularly in strengthening ties with ANPA.
Your active participation is what makes this conference truly exceptional. Whether you’re presenting your groundbreaking research, seeking new collaborative opportunities, or reconnecting with fellow professionals, this event will serve as an important platform for scientific exchange and growth.
We encourage everyone to take full advantage of this opportunity by submitting your abstracts, engaging with your peers, and contributing to the success of the conference. Let’s work together to make this an impactful and enriching experience for all.
We look forward to welcoming you to the conference and to an exciting and productive scientific gathering.
Warm regards,
Hari Shankar Mallik, PhD
Chair, Local Organizing Committee
9th ANPA Conference
Central Department of Physics, TU, Nepal
Important Links
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Conference Timeline
Kennesaw State University, Georgia, U.S.AKennesaw State University, Georgia, U.S.A
Please look below for detailed schedule.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00070 Presenting Author: Mukesh Dhamala (Invited) Co-Authors: nan Presenter's Affiliation: Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA Title: Catastrophic Transitions and Seizure Dynamics in the Human Brain: Toward Improved Seizure Localization Location: In-Person Presentation, Kennesaw Show/Hide Abstract Epilepsy is increasingly recognized as a disorder of large-scale brain dynamics rather than a purely focal pathology. Seizures emerge when interactions among neuronal populations drive the brain across critical dynamical transitions that produce abrupt changes in network activity. In this lecture, I will present research from our group aimed at uncovering the dynamical principles underlying seizure generation, propagation, and localization in the human brain. Using extra- and intracranial electrophysiological recordings (EEG, iEEG/sEEG) from patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, we combine tools from nonlinear dynamics, network science, and statistical physics to track seizure-related brain activity. These approaches include Granger causality methods to map directed interactions among brain regions, node volatility to identify dynamically unstable network nodes associated with seizure onset, scale-free spectral analysis to characterize excitation–inhibition imbalance in epileptogenic cortex, and differential phase-space topology revealing catastrophic dynamical ruptures in neural activity. Together, these approaches help identify regions of cortical instability and improve seizure onset localization, which is critical for epilepsy surgery and other treatments. More broadly, this work highlights how nonlinear dynamics and statistical physics can illuminate mechanisms underlying pathological brain activity.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00077 Presenting Author: Pritom Mukherjee Co-Authors: Pritom Mukherjee; Sydney Apraku; Mukesh Dhamala Presenter's Affiliation: Graduate Research Assistant, Georgia State University Title: Frontal-to-parietal Theta Interactions Mediate Tactile Decision-making Location: In-Person Presentation, Kennesaw Show/Hide Abstract Decision-making relies on coordinated neural dynamics that integrate sensory evidence with top-down control. In this EEG study, we examined sensor (scalp)-level theta and alpha-band oscillations, as well as fronto-parietal network connectivity, during a tactile spatial discrimination task. Blindfolded participants judged the lateral offset of the central dot in a three-dot array delivered to the right index finger while an EEG was recorded. Time–frequency analyses revealed that both theta and alpha power were greater for correct than incorrect decision trials during pre-stimulus and post-stimulus intervals, suggesting enhanced preparatory and mnemonic engagement during accurate decisions. Directional connectivity assessed using block (multivariate) Granger causality demonstrated significantly stronger frontal-to-parietal influence in the theta band during both pre- and post-stimulus periods for correct decisions, supporting the role of long-range theta communication for top-down control in guiding tactile judgment. These findings highlight theta-band fronto-parietal communication as a key mechanism supporting successful tactile decision-making.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00075 Presenting Author: Bipin Lamichhane Co-Authors: nan Presenter's Affiliation: Tuskegee University Title: Aqueous Phase Reforming of Methanol Supported on Pt Single Atom Catalysts Supported on Transition Metal Carbides Location: In-Person Presentation, Kennesaw Show/Hide Abstract Low-temperature aqueous phase reforming of methanol (APRM) offers an energy-efficient route for hydrogen production compared to conventional steam reforming of alcohols/hydrocarbons. This process provides a sustainable alternative to fossil fuel combustion by utilizing bio-renewable hydrocarbons and water. Precious metals are typically employed as a catalyst in reforming reactions. However, their high cost and limited reserve hinder their use in large-scale hydrogen production. To address this challenge, single-atom catalysts (SACs) enable more efficient use of noble metals. Here, we perform density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the stability of reaction intermediates on Pt SACs supported on TMCs and corresponding bare TMC surfaces. Binding energies (BEs) of intermediates are used to construct a free energy diagram of APRM, and all possible channels are explored. Our analysis identifies Pt SAC supported on WC(001) as the most effective catalyst for APRM. The calculated energy profiles and activation barriers indicate that methanol decomposition into CO and H, followed by CO conversion to CO2 via water gas shift reaction (WGSR), represents the primary route of APRM. Furthermore, the results show that Pt SAC on WC exhibits moderate activation barriers across the full APRM pathway compared to bare WC. Therefore, Pt SAC not only facilitates C-H bond cleavage in methanol but also enhances CO reforming through the water gas shift reaction. Furthermore, our microkinetic modeling agrees with DFT prediction.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00067 Presenting Author: Rudra Aryal Co-Authors: Ella Rogers; Madhu Gyawali; Jeevan Regmi Presenter's Affiliation: Franklin Pierce University, Rindge, NH Title: Study of Aerosol Transport and Optical Properties over Tropical and Temperate Regions of the Northern Hemisphere Location: In-Person Presentation, Kennesaw Show/Hide Abstract This study will present aerosol optical characteristics over tropical and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere using long-term observations from a few corresponding sites of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). A high-quality, cloud-screened measurement of column-integrated aerosol properties obtained from ground-based sun photometers will be used for this analysis. Key aerosol parameters, such as aerosol optical depth (AOD), Angstrom exponent (AE), single-scattering albedo (SSA), and absorption aerosol optical depth (AAOD), and microphysical properties of aerosols are analyzed to characterize aerosol loading, size distribution, and radiative properties. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) HYSPLIT trajectory model will be presented to show how air parcels and pollutants have influenced the corresponding observation sites over time. This air mass trajectory analysis, combined with the knowledge that northeasterly winds help identify the transport of desert dust, marine aerosols, and biomass-burning particles over long distances in the tropical regions, is useful. Similarly, in the temperate region, we will analyze the how the combination of the westerlies and the regional pollution sources influences transport. The combined analysis of AERONET observations and HYSPLIT trajectories will support the analysis and comparison of aerosol optical properties that are highly dependent on air-mass origin and transport pathways, and that indicate the prevailing wind systems. The combination of various air mass trajectories, prevailing wind patterns in the region, and column-based aerosol optical properties will be provided to provide a comprehensive understanding of aerosol dynamics in the region.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00068 Presenting Author: Naresh Adhikari Co-Authors: nan Presenter's Affiliation: Fayetteville Technical Community College Title: Introducing Undergraduate Students to Gravitational-wave Astronomy Through Ligo/virgo Open Data Location: In-Person Presentation, Kennesaw Show/Hide Abstract With advances in gravitational-wave detectors and frequent detection of gravitational-wave (GW) signals, we can now conduct research using real detector data, public catalogs of events, and open-source analysis software. Such analyses are at the forefront of research involving the analysis of publicly available gravitational wave strain data and event products in noise, and the understanding of the physical significance of the source parameters through guided undergraduate research projects.
The primary aim of these projects is to give students exposure to cutting-edge computational astrophysics through real-world research. Using publicly available LIGO/Virgo data, students were able to get hands-on experience in computer science, including programming, statistics, data analysis, and visualization, and were prepared to be better suited for future graduate studies and for career readiness. In this talk, I will present an overview of GW signals, detection methods, and source characterization, and outline the contributions of students' work.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00069 Presenting Author: Sanjib K C Co-Authors: Viacheslav M sadykov Presenter's Affiliation: Georgia State University Title: Aviation Altitude Radiation Exposure: Insights from Machine Learning and Muon Detection Location: In-Person Presentation, Kennesaw Show/Hide Abstract Cumulative exposure to ionizing radiation at aviation altitudes poses significant health risks for aircrews and, at higher altitudes, astronauts. Physics-based models are commonly used to estimate radiation levels during flight; however, they often do not fully capture the rapidly varying and complex nature of atmospheric radiation, limiting real-time prediction accuracy. To address this limitation, we explore machine learning (ML) approaches to improve the analysis and nowcasting of aviation radiation.
Using newly compiled, ML-ready aviation radiation datasets, we train supervised ML models to identify nonlinear relationships between geospace environmental parameters and measured radiation dose rates. Our results show that a gradient boosting (XGBoost) model trained on the concurrent properties of the geospace environment improves radiation prediction accuracy by ~9% compared to the considered physics-based NAIRAS-v3 model. Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) indicate key geospace parameters, including solar and polar field variations play a dominant role in controlling radiation variability at flight altitudes.
In a complementary observational study, we examine the role of secondary cosmic-ray muons in aviation radiation environments below 15 km altitude. Atmospheric muon measurements are analyzed alongside radiation doses modeled by NAIRAS-v3. Correlation studies reveal a strong positive linear relationship between muon counts per minute and modeled radiation dose rates (µSv/h), indicating a statistically significant association between these variables.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00014 Presenting Author: Shyam Kattel (Invited) Co-Authors: nan Presenter's Affiliation: University of Central Florida Title: Multiscale modeling approach to design materials Location: In-Person Presentation, Kennesaw Show/Hide Abstract Developing sustainable and renewable energy technologies is one of today’s major global challenges. Many of the current technologies that produce clean energy, fuels, and value-added chemicals depend on catalysts-- materials that selectively speed up desired chemical reactions. A fundamental understanding of how and why these catalysts work at the smallest scales—molecular to atomic scale, would allow us to design novel materials that are cost-efficient, more sustainable, and better for the environment. Over the past few decades, progress in both experimental and theoretical methods, especially computational modeling, in catalysis and surface science, has allowed researchers to obtain atomic?scale insights into catalytic science, such as bond-forming and breaking processes inherent to catalysis. In this presentation, I will share our group’s recent work on the development of materials for energy and sustainability using a multiscale modeling approach that combines first principles density functional theory calculations, kinetic modeling, and machine learning. I will focus on two main areas, thermal and electrocatalysis, and showcase some examples of successful development of an integrated multiscale approach to material design.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00022 Presenting Author: Ashwin Thapa Magar Co-Authors: nan Presenter's Affiliation: University of Georgia, Athens, USA Title: Programmable Hydrogen Sensors with Thickness-controlled Polarity Switching, Ultrafast Response, and Oxygen -tolerant Operation Location: In-Person Presentation, Kennesaw Show/Hide Abstract Fast, sensitive, and air-stable hydrogen sensors are essential for emerging clean energy applications but remain limited by oxygen poisoning and fabrication strategies that rely on complex nanostructuring or alloying. Here, we present a programmable sensing platform based on a simple planar Ti/Pd bilayer coated with a 30 nm Teflon AF overlayer, in which the sensing behavior is controlled by a single geometric parameter: the thickness of the Ti underlayer. This interface-engineering architecture exploits the intrinsically opposite electrical responses of Pd and Ti upon hydrogenation. Palladium exhibits increased resistance due to hydride formation, whereas titanium forms conductive titanium hydrides that decrease resistance. By controlling the relative current partitioning between these layers, the sensing response can be deterministically tuned between two regimes. In the Pd-dominated regime (5 nm Ti), the sensor exhibits an ultrafast positive response with ?0.6 s over 1–100 mbar hydrogen, a measured detection limit of 104 ppb, and negligible hysteresis. Increasing the Ti thickness (? 25 nm) switches the device to a Ti-dominated regime, characterized by a polarity inversion and stable operation in oxygen-rich environment, effectively overcoming the oxygen poisoning limitation in conventional Pd-based hydrogen sensors. A diffusion-controlled kinetic model further explains the thickness-dependent response time through hydrogen transport within the Ti layer. These results demonstrate a scalable and programmable sensing strategy in which a single geometric parameter enables deterministic control over sensing polarity, kinetics, and environmental robustness. The approach provides a practical pathway toward high-performance hydrogen sensors for safety monitoring in hydrogen energy systems.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00023 Presenting Author: Krishna KC Co-Authors: nan Presenter's Affiliation: UA at Little Rock Title: Eco-friendly Synthesis of Tungsten Oxide Nanostructures for Advanced Sustainableenergy Conversion and Storage Location: In-Person Presentation, Kennesaw Show/Hide Abstract The synthesis of tungsten oxide (WO3) nanostructures with controlled phase and morphology remains a significant challenge for energy applications. This dissertation presents an eco-friendly, time-efficient Resistive Hot Wire Oxidation (RHWO) technique to synthesize tungsten oxide nanostructures with tailored stoichiometry and crystal phases. By controlling growth conditions, phases including, and were successfully synthesized without complex procedures or costly precursors, offering a scalable solution. Comprehensive characterization, including SEM, XRD, Raman, XPS, and TEM, was paired with electrochemical techniques (CV, EIS) to analyze the material properties. The electrochemical results show that phase and morphology critically influence ionic transport and charge storage. Notably, the non-stoichiometric phase exhibits promising electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic environments, featuring an overpotential of -0.42 V vs. SHE and a favorable Tafel slope of 115 mV/dec, suggesting efficient
intercalation. Additionally, investigations reveal stoichiometric-dependent energy storage properties: fine nanostructured displays high double-layer capacitance, while demonstrates enhanced hybrid energy storage due to its large open channels and higher carrier concentration.
This study validates the RHWO technique as a scalable, high-performance alternative to traditional methods for creating tungsten oxide-based electrodes for supercapacitors and energy conversion applications.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00027 Presenting Author: Chandra Mani Adhikari Co-Authors: Elizabeth McBrayer; Sanvi Vattikuti; Suyash Gautam Presenter's Affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Physics and Materials Science, Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, NC 28301, USA Title: Electronic Structure And Electrochemistry Of Ta4C3Tx Mxene Location: In-Person Presentation, Kennesaw Show/Hide Abstract Ta4C3 is a layered material showing combined properties of both metals and ceramics with high heat resistance and electrical and thermal conductivity. The Ta4C3 MXene can be used to develop highly directional, efficient, optically transparent antennas that operate in the 788-822 GHz band. Ta4C3 is synthesized etching A-layer from Ta4AC3 MAX phase, where A is commonly Al, Si, or Ge, and it generally produces Ta4C3Tx, with -O, -F, -OH on the surface attached to Ta atoms. Surface termination is a result of the synthesis process and cannot be generally avoided but controlled. In this project, we analyze the crystallography and electronic structure of Ta4C3Tx using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Pristine Ta4C3 is metallic, while the band gap can be tuned by functionalizing its surface. Upon oxygen termination, Ta4C3Tx can open a small band gap, making it ideal for photonics, while fluorine-terminated Ta4C3Tx still remains metallic. Oxygen, fluorine, or hydroxyl groups present on the surface are highly electronegative and pull electron density away from the tantalum core, reducing the number of mobile charge carriers available for conduction. The Ta4C3Tx’s conductivity can be improved or completely recovered by de-functionalizing. References: Anisha, A., and Sriram Kumar, D. (2022). Performance analysis of Ta4C3 MXene based optically transparent patch antenna for terahertz communications. Optik, 260, 168959.
Acknowledgement: This work is supported by the Department of Energy BES-RENEW award number DE-SC0024611.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00030 Presenting Author: Dinesh Thapa Co-Authors: Dmitri Kilin; Svetlana Kilina Presenter's Affiliation: Thomas More University Title: Near Infra-red Emission Due to Trapped Exciton and Trion In Sp3 Defect Induced Quantum Potential Well Location: In-Person Presentation, Kennesaw Show/Hide Abstract The local sp3-hybridized lattice defects in semiconducting single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT), form new electronic states generating quantum potential well that efficiently trap quasi-particles such as excitons and trions (charged excitons), leading to red-shifted emission features in the near infra-red (NIR) region of telecom wavelength. In this context, we have used constrained occupation (CO)-Densitry Functional Theory (DFT) to generate exciton, charged excitons (trion) and excited trion introducing sp3 defect in (11,0) SWCNT, chemically functionalized by aryl molecule consisting of electron withdrawing molecule (NO2). We further created three ortho (O) and three para (P) defects migrating sub-adduct H atom from the sp3 defect center in the hexagonal ring of C atoms in SWCNT, where the position one carbon atom away represents Ortho (O+, O++, and O-) and the position three carbon atoms away represents Para (P+, P++, P-). Here (++) and (-) defects are energetically degenerate due to symmetry of the tube. It has been demonstrated from our earlier studies that O(++)/O(-) in ortho and P(+) in para are mostly redshifted, with larger singlet-triplet splitting exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) features. In this study, the positively charged exciton (positive trion) is more red shifted, in mostly localized ortho O(++)/O(-) and para P(+) defects than the negatively charged excition (negative trion). However, both of these trions are more red shifted with larger oscillator strength of the lowest lying transition than their corresponding excitons. This effect is more pronounced with B3LYP than with PBE functionals, that makes their applications promising in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and photovoltaic devices owing to their near-infra red photoluminescence properties.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00035 Presenting Author: Basu Dev Oli Co-Authors: Joe Benigno; Chowdhury Mohammad Abid Rahman; Michael Weinert; Prashnna Gyawali; Lian Li Presenter's Affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University Title: Machine Learning Detection of Majorana Zero Modes From Zero-bias Peaks at Atomic Line Defects Iin Single-layer Fese Location: In-Person Presentation, Kennesaw Show/Hide Abstract We report scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S) measurements on atomic line defects in high-temperature superconductor single-layer FeSe epitaxially grown on SrTiO3(001). Spatially resolved dI/dV tunneling spectra acquired at 4.6 K reveal pronounced zero-bias peaks (ZBPs) localized along the atomic line defects. Such zero?energy states are strong candidates for the Majorana zero modes (MZMs), non-Abelian Ising anyons expected to emerge at the ends of one?dimensional p?wave topological superconductors. However, because trivial in-gap states can also produce spectroscopic features that closely mimic ZBPs, unambiguous identification of MZMs remains challenging. To address this issue, we employed unsupervised machine learning (ML) techniques to systematically analyze large STM/S datasets, enabling the identification of hidden patterns and correlations between the spectroscopic signatures and the atomic-scale defect structures observed in STM images. By comparing the spatial distributions of ZBPs measured at zero and 9 Tesla external magnetic field, the ML analysis reveals correlations between the ZBPs and atomic positions along the defects, which provides a viable pathway to distinct candidate MZMs from trivial in-gap states. These results demonstrate that ML-assisted analysis of STM/S data provides a promising approach for disentangling ambiguous spectroscopic signatures in topological superconducting materials.
This research is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering (Grant No. DE-SC0017632).
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00036 Presenting Author: Aldair Palma Peralta Co-Authors: Aldair P Peralta, Chetan Dhital Presenter's Affiliation: Kennesaw State University Title: Estimating Thermal Diffusivity using Thermal Imaging and Finite-difference Modeling of 2D Heat Diffusion Location: In-Person Presentation, Kennesaw Show/Hide Abstract yes
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00037 Presenting Author: Tobias Beyer Co-Authors: Chetan Dhital Presenter's Affiliation: Department of Physics, Kennesaw State University Title: Magnetic Anisotropy, Heat Capacity, Aand Berry-phase Transport in Ferromagnetic NdGaGe Single Crystals Location: In-Person Presentation, Kennesaw Show/Hide Abstract Abstract:
Magnetic topological materials provide a powerful platform for exploring the interplay between electronic structure, magnetism, and thermodynamic properties. In this work, we investigate the structural, magnetic, thermal, and transport behavior of NdGaGe single crystals grown using a high-temperature Ga flux method.
Single-crystal X-ray diffraction confirms a tetragonal crystal structure, with refinements indicating competition between centrosymmetric (I4?/amd) and non-centrosymmetric (I4?md) space groups. The possible absence of inversion symmetry can enhance Berry-curvature-driven transport phenomena.
Magnetization and magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal ferromagnetic ordering below a Curie temperature of approximately 8.2 K, with a pronounced easy axis along the crystallographic c-direction. Heat capacity measurements exhibit a clear anomaly at the magnetic transition, providing thermodynamic confirmation of bulk ferromagnetic order and insight into magnetic entropy and low-temperature excitations.
Magnetotransport measurements show strong anisotropy, and Hall-effect measurements reveal a large anomalous Hall effect (AHE) below T
C
?
. The dominance of the anomalous Hall contribution suggests an intrinsic mechanism associated with Berry curvature arising from spin–orbit coupling and the electronic band structure. Electronic structure considerations further support the role of band topology in shaping the observed transport behavior.
These results establish NdGaGe as a promising platform for studying the coupling between magnetism, thermodynamics, and Berry-phase transport in quantum materials.
This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DOE-BES) under project DE-SC0025735.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00049 Presenting Author: Nia Suitt Co-Authors: Himanshu Sheokand; Madhab Neupane Presenter's Affiliation: University of Central Florida Title: Epitaxial Growth and Structural Characterization of Bi?te? Thin Films On GaAs(100) by Molecular Beam Epitaxy Location: In-Person Presentation, Kennesaw Show/Hide Abstract Bismuth telluride (Bi?Te?), a prototypical topological insulator has attracted significant attention
due to its layered crystal structure and tunable electronic properties. However, the growth of high-
quality Bi?Te? thin films remains challenging because of the narrow stoichiometric window and
strong dependence on substrate orientation and growth kinetics. In this work, we report the
epitaxial growth of Bi?Te? thin films by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on GaAs(100) substrates
under ultra-high-vacuum conditions. A Te-rich flux ratio was maintained to suppress Te desorption
and ensure stoichiometric film formation. The evolution of in situ reflection high-energy electron
diffraction (RHEED) patterns revealed a transition from streaky to well-defined (1×1)
reconstructions, confirming two-dimensional layer-by-layer growth. X-ray diffraction (XRD)
measurements were performed to confirm the crystallinity and c-axis orientation of the grown
films, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) verified the expected Bi?Te?
stoichiometry through both atomic and weight composition analysis. These results highlight the
importance of flux optimization and substrate orientation in achieving high-quality Bi?Te? epitaxy,
paving the way for device-scale studies of topological and thermoelectric phenomena.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00090 Presenting Author: Bishnu Datt Pandey Co-Authors: Toshiyuki Gogami; Sho Nagao; Satoshi N. Nakamura; Ravindu Kumaragamage; Presenter's Affiliation: Virginia Military Institute Title: The Next Generation of Hypernuclear Experiments at Jefferson Lab Location: In-Person Presentation, Kennesaw Show/Hide Abstract The next generation of hypernuclear experiments are scheduled to take place at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility in 2027. Five experiments have already been approved, and an additional proposal is currently under study for possible submission in the near future. The HKS collaboration is actively preparing all aspects of the program, including the required detectors, hardware, and software systems. The first Experimental Readiness Review (ERR) was successfully completed in 2024, and a second review is planned for May 2026. These experiments will utilize the Hall C spectrometer and a range of light, medium-heavy, and heavy nuclear targets to address key open questions in nuclear physics. They are expected to provide valuable insights into hypernuclear interactions, which are important for understanding the long-standing hyperon puzzle in neutron stars and the charge symmetry breaking (CSB) problem in A = 4 mirror nuclei. This presentation will provide an overview of the upcoming experiments and highlight current progress and future plans.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00099 Presenting Author: Umesh Silwal Co-Authors: Rudra Kafle, Ramesh Dhungana, Binod Nainabasti, and Sweta Tiwari Presenter's Affiliation: University of North Carolina at Charlotte Title: Managing Cognitive Load in Learning with Generative Artificial Intelligence Location: In-Person Presentation, Kennesaw Show/Hide Abstract Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has the potential to make learning more manageable, especially for novices who are often overwhelmed by complex material. According to Cognitive Load Theory (CLT), learners experience three types of cognitive load: intrinsic, extraneous, and germane. GenAI can ease this burden in several practical ways. It can support learning by providing scaffolding, reducing extraneous load through clearer explanations and well-structured content, and managing intrinsic load by breaking complex material into simpler, more manageable chunks and offering translations into learners’ preferred languages. Additionally, it can enhance germane load by providing personalized feedback and tailored guidance. These benefits are particularly valuable in conceptually demanding disciplines such as physics and other sciences, where concepts are often abstract and inherently challenging. However, there is an important trade-off: excessive reliance on GenAI may reduce the productive struggle necessary for deep understanding. For this reason, GenAI should be used thoughtfully. Its role in education needs to be intentional and well-designed, supporting learning without replacing the effort that leads to mastery. This talk will explore different types of cognitive load present in learning and examine how GenAI can be used effectively to support deeper learning. We will also share preliminary reflections and insights from our classroom experiences.
Authors:
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Central Department of Physics, T.U., NepalCentral Department of Physics, T.U., Nepal
Please look below for detailed schedule.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N000103 Presenting Author: Parshuram Dahal Co-Authors: nan Presenter's Affiliation: AI Research Scientist, USA Title: Agentic Multimodal Question Answering over Physics Literature and Experimental Data Location: In-Person Presentation, CDP Show/Hide Abstract Agentic Multimodal Question Answering over Physics Literature and Experimental Data
Dr. Parshuram Dahal, PhD
PhD in Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, University of Oklahoma (2012) | AI Research and Development Scientist, USA
In this work, I present an agentic artificial intelligence framework for physics research that enables natural-language question answering across diverse scientific sources, including journal articles in PDF form, tabular experimental datasets, web-based technical materials, and locally stored scanned or hard-copy documents. This work is motivated by a common challenge in modern physics: important knowledge is often scattered across papers, tables, plots, supplementary materials, lab records, and online repositories, making rigorous synthesis slow and difficult. My objective is to create a unified research environment in which scientists can ask complex domain questions in plain language and receive grounded, context-aware answers supported by relevant literature and data.
The proposed system combines large language models with agentic AI and agentic retrieval-augmented generation to integrate unstructured and structured scientific information. Physics papers and technical documents are ingested from PDF, website, and local storage sources, parsed into semantically meaningful chunks, and indexed for retrieval. At the same time, experimental and simulation-related tabular data are standardized and connected to analysis modules capable of filtering, comparison, aggregation, and numerical reasoning. An orchestration layer routes each user query to specialized agents responsible for literature retrieval, table-aware reasoning, evidence validation, and final response synthesis. This enables the system to answer both descriptive questions about published results and analytical questions that require linking numerical evidence with scientific interpretation.
The broader significance of this work lies in reducing the time required for literature review, experimental interpretation, and cross-source evidence synthesis while preserving traceability and scientific context. For physicists working across theory, experiment, and data-intensive research, such a system can support faster hypothesis exploration, more transparent comparison of findings, and more efficient interaction with complex research archives.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N0001 Presenting Author: Yasuhiro Shirai (Invited) Co-Authors: nan Presenter's Affiliation: Photovoltaic Materials Group, Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials (GREEN), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Title: Development Of Perovskite Solar Cells Location: In-Person Presentation, CDP Show/Hide Abstract Lead-halide compounds of perovskite structure have emerged as a new class of photovoltaic materials, achieving high power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of over 26% in an unprecedented short period. Despite the startling device efficiency, an unavoidable PCE down over time is a major hurdle for real-world operation. Many studies have shown that the degradation of the device is triggered by many external and internal factors. Especially, the accelerated PCE loss caused by simultaneous thermal and light stress is critical. Developing effective countermeasures based on the analysis of this loss mechanism is essential.
We addressed these challenges through chemical and electronic investigations. The buried interface analysis between the perovskite layer and interfacing materials using Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the chemical decomposition of the MAPbI3 perovskite is interface dependent.1 In fact, the development of new interface materials conducted in parallel to the mechanism investigations, we realized that sputter-deposited NiOx (sp-NiOx) layers were effective to slow down the device degradation.2 Being robust inorganic interface material and processible at room temperatures, the sp-NiOx could be an ideal material for the practical applications. Another issue is the mobile ions in lead-halide perovskites, which are mixed conductors. The ionic charge accumulates at the perovskite near the interfacing materials, affecting the change injection/extraction efficiencies, and thus short-term as well as long-term device performances. Analysis on the dynamic ion species through an operand HAXPES study and interface material design highlight an intrinsic factor essential for enhancing the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells.3 Similarly, we will discuss that further investigations on the interface materials and the treatments of the perovskite surfaces resulted in the improvement of the device performance.4
References:
1. Gueye, I. et.al. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13 (42), 50481-50490.
2. Islam, M.B. et.al. ACS Omega 2017, 2, 2291; Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2019, 195, 323.
3. Gueye, I. et.al. Chemistry of Materials 2023, 35 (5), 1948.
4. Khadka, D.B. et.al. Nat. Commun. 2024, 15 (1), 882.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00021 Presenting Author: Shiva Prasad Baral Co-Authors: Shesh Kant Adhikari; Dipak Raj Adhikari Presenter's Affiliation: Central Department of Physics, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur Title: PRESSURE-INDUCED ELECTRONIC STATE AND VALENCE CHANGES OF SAMARIUM IN SAMARIUM MONOCHALCOGENIDES Location: In-Person Presentation, CDP Show/Hide Abstract Applying pressure to a solid compound alters its properties by altering the electronic configuration of its atoms. One of such effects is change in the valency of an element inside a compound . This study emphases on calculating how the valency of samarium varies with pressure in samarium monochalcogenides SmX (X = S, Se, Te). The valency changes have been calculated by using experimental data. The reported experimental pressure-volume relations of SmS, SmSe and SmTe have been regenerated by using the Birch–Murnaghan equation of state. Same calculations were also achieved by considering that samarium remains in a stable divalent electronic state. The change between experimental and calculated lattice constants at various pressures was then utilized to calculate the valency change. The valency of samarium is changed from 2 to 2.95099, 2.12206 and 2.55788 for SmS, SmSe and SmTe respectively. This method delivers a strong understanding of pressure induced change in electronic state of samarium i.e., change in valency of samarium.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00032 Presenting Author: Mohan Bahadur Kshetri Co-Authors: Navin sharma; Kamal Khanal; Madhav Prasad Ghimire; Tika Ram lamichhane Presenter's Affiliation: Central department of Physics,Tribhuvan University,Nepal Title: Structural,electronic and adsorption properties of functionalized zinc oxide nanocluster Location: In-Person Presentation, CDP Show/Hide Abstract Structural, electronic, and adsorption properties of functionalized zinc oxide nanocluster
Mohan Bahadur Kshetri1,2, Navin Sharma1, Kamal Khanal1, Madhav Prasad Ghimire1, Tika Ram Lamichhane1?
1Central Department of Physics, Tribhuvan University (TU), Kirtipur, Nepal
2Department of Physics, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
E-mail: tika.lamichhane@cdp.tu.edu.np
Abstract:
A transition metal (TM)-doped zinc oxide nanocage like Zn12O12 can be used as an effective nanocluster for drug delivery, sensing, and targeted therapy. We analyzed structural, electronic, and drug adsorption properties of the functionalized zinc oxide nanocomplexes (NCs) with density functional theory using B3LYP functional and LANL2DZ basis set. An anticancer drug, fluorouracil (FU) was adsorbed to obtain the structurally stable FU/CuZn11O12, FU/FeZn11O12, and FU/NiZn11O12 functionalized systems, represented as NC1, NC2, and NC3, respectively. Among these NCs, NC3 offered the highest dipole moment of 8.08 Debye, moderate adsorption energy of -20.97 kcal/mol, and the lowest HOMO-LUMO gap of 2.44 eV. Furthermore, the additional quantum mechanical properties such as global reactivity descriptors, molecular electrostatic potential, non-covalent interactions, and reduced density gradient preferred NC3 as an anticancer drug carrier for the targeted therapy. These in silico results need experimental verifications to confirm effectiveness of the proposed nanocomplex toward drug delivery and therapy of cancer cells.
Keywords: Density functional theory; Functionalized nanocluster; Zn12O12 nanocage; Fluorouracil adsorption; Drug delivery
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00044 Presenting Author: Om Shree Rijal Co-Authors: Om Shree Rijal; Ganesh Paudel; Sadip Neapl; Sukrit Kumar Yadav Presenter's Affiliation: Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu Nepal Title: First-principles Study of Max Phase Ta2InN And Ti2InN Compounds Using PBE and PBE+u Functional to Examine their Physical Properties Location: In-Person Presentation, CDP Show/Hide Abstract Abstract: In this work, we study the structural,dynamical, electronic, and magnetic properties of Ta2InN and Ti2InN materials using density functional theory (DFT) with the VASP computational tools. The properties of these compounds are examined using two exchange correlation functional, PBE and PBE+U. The structural stability of these materials is confirmed from calculated parameters such as lattice constants, bond lengths, hexagonal ratios, and formation energies. The phonon dispersion curves shows the considered materials are dynamically stable. Band structure plots exhibits both Ta2InN and Ti2InN materials show metallic behavior in PBE and PBE+U functional, indicating good electrical conductivity, which is important for electronic devices. The density of states (DOS) and Partial Density of States (PDOS) shows that the materials are non-magnetic in PBE functional but become magnetic when the Hubbard U correction is applied. This tunable magnetic behavior is useful for designing spintronic devices. Due to their high stability, good conductivity, and controllable magnetic properties, these materials are promising for applications in spintronics, nanoelectronics, sensors, and advanced electronic devices.
Keywords: Band structure, DFT, Dynamical stability, Spintronic device
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00015 Presenting Author: Nurapati Pantha (Invited) Co-Authors: Dipak Adhikari; Ravi Karki; and Kapil Adhikari Presenter's Affiliation: Central Department of Physics, Tribhuvan University Title: Metal Organic Frameworks as Porous Materials Location: In-Person Presentation, CDP Show/Hide Abstract Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences declared Nobel-prize of Chemistry – 2025 to three great scientists for their contribution on ‘development of Metal Organic Frameworks- MOFs’. It was a great honor to the whole community working in MOfs as the materials are rising as amazing sponge crystals with many applications. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are special type of porous materials designed with metal atoms/centers communicated via organic ligands. Because of their tunable pores and reactivity of metal centers, thousands of new devices can be formed as per demand in energy efficient to environmental issues and water harvesting to drug delivery in human body.[1] We have used first-principles method of calculations to explore the selective adsorption, detection of toxic gases and loading capacity of carbon based M-MOF-74. In ANPA meeting, I will talk about the role of metal centers as primary adsorption site and usefulness of cluster structure (of MOFs) to study their MOF properties.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00047 Presenting Author: Sagar Dahal Co-Authors: Dr. Prakash Khatri; Govinda Gaire; Dr. Santosh K.C; Dr. Hari Krishna Neupane; Prof. Dr. Narayan Prasad Adhikari Presenter's Affiliation: Central Department of Physics , TU, Kritipur, Kathmandu, Nepal Title: Electronic, Magnetic, and Transport Properties of RhSs3 And TlrhAsS3 Skutterudite Materials. Location: In-Person Presentation, CDP Show/Hide Abstract Skutterudite materials, characterized by their cage-like crystal structure, are widely recognized for their promising thermoelectric properties. In this study, the compounds RhAs? and TlRhAs? were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) combined with semi-classical Boltzmann transport theory to evaluate their thermoelectric potential. The calculated results confirm both structural and dynamical stability of the compounds. Electronic and magnetic analyses reveal metallic and non-magnetic behavior. The lattice thermal conductivity was estimated using phonon group velocities within Slack’s model. Furthermore, key transport parameters, including the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and electronic thermal conductivity, were systematically evaluated. The obtained results indicate a moderate power factor, suggesting that these compounds possess potential for thermoelectric applications. The thermoelectric performance of both compounds was evaluated through the calculation and comparison of the figure of merit (zT), which was found to be sufficiently high, indicating their potential as efficient thermoelectric materials. These findings suggest that the studied materials could contribute to energy sustainability by enabling effective waste heat recovery, thereby supporting global efforts toward sustainable development, particularly in addressing energy-related challenges.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00071 Presenting Author: Kamal Khanal Co-Authors: nan Presenter's Affiliation: Tribhuvan University Title: n Silico Study On Structural, Electronic, And Adsorption Properties Of Cisplatin/(tio2)n (n = 2-5) Nanoclusters And Interactions With Hen Egg White Lysozyme Location: In-Person Presentation, CDP Show/Hide Abstract This study explored the structural, adsorption, and electronic properties of titania nanostructures loaded with cisplatin using density functional theory (DFT) at the level of B3LYP/LANL2DZ functional in gas phase, and examined the binding potential of the cis-(TiO2)n (n = 2 - 5) nanoclusters (NCs) with hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) via molecular docking. Our results revealed that cisplatin adsorption on (TiO2)n NCs yielded adsorption energies of ?56.97, ?53.84, ?48.40, and ?39.23 kcal/mol for cis-(TiO2)2, cis-(TiO2)3, cis-(TiO2)4, and cis-(TiO2)5 NCs, abbreviated as NC1, NC2, NC3, and NC4, respectively. Their interatomic interactions were further evaluated using reduced density gradient (RDG) and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analyses. Among the studied systems, although NC1 exhibited a less negative adsorption energy compared to the other NCs, it indicated strong surface reactivity. Further, NC1 also showed the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy gap of 3.66 eV, suggesting greater charge transfer and reactivity. Additionally, dipole moment, global reactivity descriptors, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface, and natural bond orbital (NBO) results of the NCs were more favorable than those of cisplatin. Based on the DFT results, the protonated NC1, i.e. (TiO2)2H2 was selected for further analysis of its interactions with HEWL. The docking scores of cisplatin, (TiO2)2H2, and cis-(TiO2)2H2 with HEWL were found to be ?4.41, ?3.82, and ?6.74 kcal/mol, respectively, indicating strong binding affinity and therapeutic potential of cis-(TiO2)2H2. More experimental investigations are required to confirm its effectiveness.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00011 Presenting Author: Santosh Kumar Das Co-Authors: nan Presenter's Affiliation: Patan Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University Title: Thermal and Screening Effects in Non-monochromatic Laser-Assisted, zero order Bessel ?? CO? Scattering Location: In-Person Presentation, CDP Show/Hide Abstract Laser-assisted scattering (LAS) describes the interaction of incoming particles such as electrons or ??? particles or atoms with an external non-monochromatic electromagnetic field and it has significant relevance in areas like laser cooling, medical laser applications, nanotechnology, and atomic-scale manipulation. This aim of this study is to analyze the scattering behavior of ?^- particles with CO? molecules, considering screening effects in a non- monochromatic field under thermal environment. To fulfill this objective, a theoretical framework is formulated using thermal non-monochromatic Volkov wave function, an interaction potential for CO?, screening parameters and the Kroll-Watson approximations to derive S-matrix, which is further related to T-matrix. The obtained T-matrix is directly related to differential cross-section (DCS) which help to study the scattering dynamics of ?^-particles. The develop model was computed and result shows that DCS with scattering angle in a sinusoidal pattern, while its dependence on change in momentum shows damping nature like Bessel function nature. Also, the magnitude of DCS with separation, scattered thermal energy and temperature increases but decreases with incident thermal energy. The behavior arises due to the destructive and constructive interference effect. The presence of thermal conditions strongly influences the DCS and the scattering dynamics of ?^- particles. Such phenomena are crucial in various domains, including radiation-matter interaction, nanotechnology, Plasma Physics, medical laser and helps in understanding and controlling phenomena which is in atomic scales. This analysis of DCS for CO? molecules under varying parameters can also be extended to other molecules with similar properties.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N0009 Presenting Author: Samjhana Dahal Co-Authors: nan Presenter's Affiliation: Tribhuvan University Title: Germination and Seedling Growth Enhancement of Timur Seed (zanthoxylum Armatum) by Using Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Location: In-Person Presentation, CDP Show/Hide Abstract Timur is a plant native to the Himalayan region and it is valued for its intense citrusy and peppery flavor, used in culinary and traditional practices. In this work, we have used gliding arc discharge for direct treatment of the Timur seed (Zanthoxylum armatum) and used plasma activated water, prepared by cylindrical dielectric barrier discharge and gliding arc discharge, to irrigate the plants, aiming to enhance germination and seedling growth. The plasma sources are characterized through electrical and optical characterization methods. From spectrometer, electron temperature of cylindrical dielectric barrier discharge and gliding arc discharge is found to be 1.41 eV and 1.66 eV with plasma density found to be 8.17 × 10 18 m ?3 and 5.48 × 10 17 m?3 , respectively. Plasma treatment increases the temperature, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, and oxidation-reduction potential of the plasma-activated water with the activation time; however, the potential of hydrogen decreases. In addition, it has been observed that nitrate concentration is notably higher than nitrite concentration. It has been observed that the direct application of plasma on Timur seeds results in changes to the seeds, particularly in their surface properties and wettability. The results showed that the wettability of seeds using two minutes (min) plasma-activated water increases the most compared to the untreated seeds and other treatment times. Although germination enhancement of the Timur seeds is not achieved in the laboratory condition, plasma-activated water positively impacts root and shoot growth, as well as in the retention of chlorophyll content (or greenness) of leaves. A treatment time of four minutes using cylindrical dielectric barrier discharge and two minutes using plasma jet is found most favorable. The positive impact of plasma on Timur plants can be studied further to enhance germination, seedling growth, and ultimately, fruit yield, making it viable for agricultural applications in real field conditions.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00043 Presenting Author: Saroj Kafle Co-Authors: Leela Pradhan joshi Presenter's Affiliation: T U Title: Activated Carbon from Alnus Nepalensis Bark with MnoO2 Composites for Supercapacitor Electrode Location: In-Person Presentation, CDP Show/Hide Abstract In modern times, the rising demand for energy storage has increased interest in the exploration of efficient energy storage devices. Supercapacitors fulfill this demand by offering high power density and long cycle life, making them strong alternatives to conventional batteries. This research focuses on the synthesis and electrochemical characterization of activated carbon derived from Alnus nepalensis (Utis) bark and its nanocomposites with manganese dioxide (MnO?) for supercapacitor electrode applications.
In this work, Alnus nepalensis bark was carbonized at 600°C under a nitrogen atmosphere after chemical activation with zinc chloride (ZnCl?) in a 1:1 ratio. The as-prepared activated carbon (AC) exhibited an amorphous structure, confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and oxygen-containing functional groups were identified through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). On the other hand, MnO? nanoparticles were synthesized via a co-precipitation method and mixed with AC in different weight ratios of ACA:Mn600 (1:1, 1:2, and 2:1) to prepare composite electrodes.
Electrochemical characterization of the electrodes was performed in a three-electrode system using a 6 M KOH electrolyte solution. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) results showed that the ACA:Mn600 (2:1) composite exhibited the highest specific capacitance, enhanced energy and power densities, and good cycling stability over 1000 cycles. Its Nyquist plot revealed low charge-transfer resistance and ideal capacitive behavior, confirming efficient ion diffusion within the porous structure.
Hence, Alnus nepalensis bark biomass can be utilized as a low-cost, environmentally friendly supercapacitor electrode material. The composite of activated carbon with MnO? significantly improves the electrochemical properties, making the hybrid electrode a promising candidate for sustainable supercapacitor applications.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00083 Presenting Author: Puspa Kumari Malla Co-Authors: Amba Datt Pant; Hari Shankar Mallik; Akihiro Koda; Katsuhiko Ishida; Burkhard Geil ; Koichiro Shimomura Presenter's Affiliation: Central Department of Physics , Tribhuvan University Title: Study of Defects Iin Ice Using Muon Location: In-Person Presentation, CDP Show/Hide Abstract Proton reorientation and long range proton transport in the hydrogen bond network of ice are mediated by orientational defects, among which Bjerrum L-defects, hydrogen bonds carrying no proton, play a central role [1,2,3]. Probing such defects at the atomic scale requires a sensitive local probe. Since muon (µ+) acts as a sensitive local probe (?µ ? 3.2 ?p), we use it for study of defects dynamics in ice. The muon has two special characteristics - fully spin polarized and asymmetric decay to positron preferentially along the muon-spin direction at the time of decay. In frozen pure water, muon spin rotation, relaxation and resonance (µSR) method precisely measured the structure of water and formation of MuOH [4]. To understand the defect dynamics, we have performed temperature-dependent µSR study in L-defective ice (KOH-doped, 0.1 wt%) at J-PARC, Japan, under zero field and weak transverse fields. We found a clear difference in time spectra observed in pure water and defective water. Experimental results and theoretical works (quantum simulation and DFT calculations) to explain the results will be discussed in the program.
References
[1] J. D. Bernal and R. H. Fowler, J. Chem. Phys. 1 (1933) 515-548.
[2] N. Bjerrum, Science 115 (1952) 385-390.
[3] B. Geil, T. M. Kirschgen and F. Fujara, Phys. Rev. B 72 (2005) 014304.
[4] A. D. Pant et al., Phys. Rev. B 110 (2024) 104104.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00063 Presenting Author: Barun Ghimire Co-Authors: 1. Shriram Sharma 2. Navaraj Karki 3. Khem Narayan Poudyal Presenter's Affiliation: Applied Science and Chemical Engineering, IOE PUlchowk Title: Estimation and Mitigation of Lightning Effects on Medium Voltage Overhead Lines Iin Nepal’s Power Distribution System Location: In-Person Presentation, CDP Show/Hide Abstract This paper develops and applies a concise, data-driven methodology to evaluate and mitigate the lightning performance of medium-voltage (MV) overhead distribution lines in Nepal, demonstrated on the Goldhunga 11/0.4 kV feeder. The framework treats both direct strikes and nearby-ground flashes, combining Eriksson’s striking-distance model with the electrogeometric model (EGM) and Rusck’s formulation, and embedding Anderson–Eriksson peak-current statistics. Local exposure is quantified from Nepal’s 2015–2023 ground-flash-density record, capturing the country’s monsoon-driven lightning climate and complex terrain. Sensitivity studies span insulation strength (critical flashover voltage, CFO), pole height, and corridor shielding (residential, industrial, commercial). Comparing conventional pin-type (CFO = 225 kV) with pin-post (CFO = 300 kV) insulators shows that raising CFO nearly eliminates induced-voltage flashovers (? two orders of magnitude reduction), yielding up to ~33% lower total flashovers depending on shielding conditions. Results further confirm that the direct-strike component scales with ground-flash density and decreases with urban shielding, whereas the induced component is primarily governed by insulation coordination. The study provides actionable guidance for the Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA): adopt ~300 kV pin-post insulation on MV feeders, prioritize surge-arrester placement on exposed segments, and leverage corridor shielding where feasible. The approach requires modest input yet produces decision-ready metrics, offering a transferable template for utilities operating in similar lightning-prone, mountainous regions.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00019 Presenting Author: Sukrit Kumar Yadav Co-Authors: Ganesh Paudel, Sukrit Kumar Yadav, Om Shree Rijal, Hari Krishna Neupane, and Rajendra Parajuli Presenter's Affiliation: Central Department of Physics, Tribhuvan University Title: Functional-Dependent Structure-Property Relationships, Anisotropic Mechanical Properties, and Infrared Optical Response of Ta?InC and Ti?InC MAX Phases for Mechanically Engineered and Optoelectronic Devices Location: In-Person Presentation, CDP Show/Hide Abstract MAX phase materials possess unique tunable metallic and ceramic physical properties which make them a preferred candidate for applications in various fields such as high temperature devices, spintronics, optoelectronics, and energy storage devices. In present work, the physical properties of Ta2InC and Ti2InC MAX phase materials have been investigated by using first principles calculations in a comparative way for potential device application selectivity. The calculations were performed using VASP computational software by employing two exchange correlations functions namely GGA: PBE and GGA: PBE+U. The calculation of structural parameters, stiffness tensor, and phonon dispersion curves indicated that the considered materials exhibit structural, mechanical, and dynamical stability respectively. The calculated bond length, bond angles, lattice parameters, formation energy, and volume of unit cell suggested the structural stability of the material. Stiffness tensor elements have been calculated to investigate mechanical properties. Young’s modulus, shear modulus, bulk modulus, Poisson’s ratio, Pugh’s ratio, linear compressibility, and Vicker’s Hardness have been calculated using Voigt-Reuss-Hill approximations. Thorough analysis of anisotropic properties was done by calculating various anisotropy indices along with directional dependent 3D plots of strength of various mechanical properties in real space with their minimum and maximum values. The value of Poisson’s ratio and Pugh’s ratio revealed brittle nature, while Cauchy pressure shows the materials’ ionic bonding. Similarly, we have calculated the free energy, Specific heat capacity, Entropy, and Debye temperature of Ta2InC and Ti2InC materials from phonon density of state. Furthermore, electronic band structure revealed the metallic behavior and density of state (DOS), and projected density of state (PDOS) showed the non-magnetic for PBE and magnetic for PBE+U functional. The optical parameters of the considered MAX Phases have been investigated by studying its dielectric function, reflectivity, absorptivity, refractive index, extinction coefficient, and energy loss function for all regions of electromagnetic spectrum. Both materials showed noticeable dielectric responses in infrared regions. Both materials showed distinctive reflectance for in-plane and out-plane light orientation for different spectral regions. However, a higher reflectance in infrared and extreme UV regions and comparatively decreased reflectance for visible and low UV regions have been noted. Both the materials showed a fluctuating but increasing trend of absorptivity and energy loss for increasing photon energies. Refractive index within the infrared region is found to be five to twenty-five times greater than other regions of the spectrum, and a similar trend is observed for extinction coefficient too. These properties can be selectively harnessed for infrared devices, optoelectronic devices, coating, and energy storing purposes.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00038 Presenting Author: Karishma Rana Co-Authors: nan Presenter's Affiliation: Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University Title: Structural, Electronic, And Magnetic Properties Of Ga-doped Sno$_2$ Monolayer By Density Functional Theory And Its Gas Sensing Application Location: In-Person Presentation, CDP Show/Hide Abstract The structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of the hexagonal SnO$_2$ monolayer before and after doping with gallium are studied using different functionals of density functional theory (DFT). The SnO$_2$ monolayer is a non-magnetic, wide band gap semiconductor, with an indirect band gap of 2.646 eV from GGA Perdew Burke Erzenhof (PBE) approximation, 2.527 eV from PBE+U, and 3.062 eV from Strongly Constrained and Appropriately Normed (SCAN) functional. After doping with a gallium atom, it acquires a net magnetic moment. The band gap of the monolayer significantly decreases after doping, while it still maintains a hexagonal structure. The gas sensing application of doped and undoped SnO$_2$ monolayers has also been explored using PBE and PBE+U approximations of DFT.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00092 Presenting Author: Manil Khatiwada Co-Authors: Nabin Bhusal;chandra bahadur singh; yogesh singh maharjan; niraj dhital Presenter's Affiliation: Central Department of Physics Title: Theoretical Modeling of Magnetic Field Evolution in Accretion Flows onto Schwarzschild Black Holes Location: In-Person Presentation, CDP Show/Hide Abstract This work presents a fully analytical, time-dependent GRMHD model describing the evolu-
tion of large-scale poloidal magnetic fields in the subsonic region of accretion flows onto a
Schwarzschild black hole. Beginning with weak uniform and parabolic initial field configura-
tions, the study derives exact solutions for the radial and polar magnetic components in both Keplerian and sub-Keplerian flows, incorporating flux freezing, relativistic fluid trajectories, and differential rotation. The results show that inward advection and radial compression naturally amplify the radial field , producing a quasi-radial magnetic structure near the black hole, while the polar component grows through shear and exhibits strong angular dependence. Keplerian flows generate more structured and strongly amplified fields due to higher rotational shear, whereas sub-Keplerian flows exhibit stronger radial compression but weaker shear-driven growth. Magnetic pressure and plasma-beta calculations confirm a magnetically dominated inner disk (?<1) for all cases, independent of initial field geometry.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00033 Presenting Author: Bikram Lama Co-Authors: Jagadish Yadav Presenter's Affiliation: Tribhuvan University Title: Investigating the multiple physical properties of ZrCoSn half-Heusler compound: A DFT approach Location: In-Person Presentation, CDP Show/Hide Abstract Half-Heusler compounds have wide applications in electronic fields. In this work, we investigated the multiple physical properties of ZrCoSn half-Heusler compound using DFT method. For structural properties, we calculated bond length between two nearest atom and ground state energy. For mechanical properties, we calculated their elastic constants and modulus of rigidity, confirming structurally and mechanically stability ZrCoSn. The results shows that ZrCoSn is ductile, anisotropic. For dynamical properties, we plotted phonon dispersion curve; confirming the dynamically stability of the compound. For electronic and magnetic properties, we analyzed band structures, DOS, and PDOS plots; it shows that ZrCoSn is non-magnetic, small band gap semiconducting material. For optical properties, we analyzed dielectric function, absorption, extinction, reflectivity, refractivity and energy loss function. The dielectric function plots show that materials respond to lower photon energies. The absorption and reflection plots suggest potential applications in UV shielding. Additionally, refractive and extinction coefficient plot shows that opacity increased in visible region. By analyzing these findings, we conclude that ZrCoSn is promising material in the field of photonics, UV radiation shielding and devices requiring high ductility and mechanical stability.
Keywords: Heusler, DFT, Semi-conductor, Optical
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00024 Presenting Author: Chitra Raj Joshi Co-Authors: nan Presenter's Affiliation: Central Department of Physics, Tribhuvan University Title: Density Functional Investigation Of Electronic And Topological Properties Of The Kagome Metal Kti3bi5 Location: In-Person Presentation, CDP Show/Hide Abstract Kagome materials have recently attracted significant interest due to
their exotic electronic structures and potential for emergent quantum phases. In
this work, we present a comprehensive density functional (DFT) investigation of
the kagome metal KTi3Bi5, focusing on its structural, electronic, Fermi-surface, and
topological properties under ambient conditions and applied hydrostatic pressure. Our
calculations reveal that the low-energy electronic states are dominated by Ti-d and
Bi-p orbitals, giving rise to hallmark kagome features including flat bands, Dirac-
like dispersions, type-II Dirac points, and pronounced van Hove singularities in close
proximity to the Fermi level. The Fermi surface exhibits pronounced pressure-driven
reconstructions involving pocket closure, splitting, and merging, signaling multiple
Lifshitz transitions and underscoring the strong sensitivity of kagome-derived electronic
states to external compression. These Fermi-surface topological changes are found to
be in direct correspondence with pressure-induced modifications of the electronic band
structure, where systematic variations in band crossings and electron–hole character
govern the emergence or disappearance of Fermi-surface pockets. Furthermore, Z2
topological analysis reveals nontrivial topological indices for several occupied bands,
accompanied by topological surface states that are highly pressure sensitive, exhibiting
the emergence of new states at moderate pressure, suppression of pristine-phase TSS
at higher pressures, and a systematic shift of the remaining states to higher binding
energies. Hydrostatic compression induces anisotropic lattice contraction, driving
substantial reshaping of the electronic structure. Overall, these results establish
KTi3Bi5 as a strongly correlated kagome system in which flat bands, Dirac fermions,
and pressure-tunable topological states cooperatively govern its electronic behavior,
positioning it as a promising platform for exploring emergent quantum phases such as
electronic nematicity and unconventional superconductivity
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N0004 Presenting Author: Susmita Kafle Co-Authors: Susmita Kafle1, Surendra Hangsarumba1, Saddam Husain Dhobi1,2*, Santosh Kumar Das1,2 Presenter's Affiliation: Department of Physics, Patan Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Patandhoka, Nepal Title: Exploring Light-Assisted Hydrogen Production with Novel Photoelectrodes Location: In-Person Presentation, CDP Show/Hide Abstract Hydrogen has recently emerged as alternative energy resources due to its suitability for next-generation energy systems, sustainability, economic feasibility, and high energy efficiency. The global commitments to achieve net-zero emissions by the 2045–2050 timeframe, hydrogen is widely recognized as a climate-neutral energy carrier. Among the various production pathways, photoelectrochemical water splitting is considered one of the most environmentally friendly methods. This research aim is to prepared a photoelectrode for green hydrogen production. The electrode was prepared by depositing a different mixture ratio of CuSO?·5H?O, FeCl?, and CoCl?·2H?O onto a copper substrate using a dip-coating technique with a 5-minute immersion time. Structural characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the successful deposition of Cu, Fe, and Co crystalline phases on the copper surface. The prepared electrode (2×1cm) was tested for hydrogen production under different conditions: dark, room light, sunlight, and filament bulb illumination at applied voltage 2 V, 2.5 V and 5 V. Electrolysis was employed for hydrogen generation, and the evolved hydrogen was measured using the downward displacement of water method. The results showed that hydrogen production was significantly higher under sunlight and filament light compared to dark and normal room conditions. These findings indicate that light intensity plays a crucial role in enhancing hydrogen generation, demonstrating the potential for cost-effective and efficient green hydrogen production.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N0005 Presenting Author: Sandesh Rai Co-Authors: 1Sandesh Rai; 1Surendra Hangsarumba; 1,2Santosh Kumar Das, 1Kishori Yadav, 1Suresh Prasad Gupta, 3Bishnu Neupane, 3Deepak Deuja, 1,2*Saddam Husain Dhobi Presenter's Affiliation: Department of Physics, Patan Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Patandhoka, Nepal Title: Trapa Natans: A Natural Antioxidant And Adsorbent For Health And Water Treatment Applications Location: In-Person Presentation, CDP Show/Hide Abstract Trapa natans (water chestnut) is a seasonal aquatic plant commonly found in ponds and lakes, including polluted water bodies, and widely used by local communities for food and traditional medicinal purposes. This study investigates the effects of the edible part of Trapa natans on salt and sugar solutions along with its health-related properties. The edible portion (156 g) was separated, ground, and mixed with 250 mL deionized water at 40 °C for 2 hours using a magnetic stirrer. The mixture was filtered to obtain liquid and solid fractions. The dried solid was characterized using XRD and FTIR, while UV–visible spectroscopy was used to analyze salt, sugar, antioxidant (DPPH), and heavy metal absorption properties. Results indicate the presence of multiple crystalline and functional groups, confirming complex chemical composition. The study reveals that Trapa natans exhibits significant heavy metal adsorption, increasing absorption with higher concentrations in salt and sugar solutions, along with notable antioxidant activity. Further research is recommended to identify active compounds, assess safety, and explore applications in water purification and nutraceutical development.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00029 Presenting Author: Ganesh Paudel Co-Authors: Sadip Nepal; Omshree Rijal; Prakash Aryal; Surya Kumari Joshi; Hari krishna Neupane; Dinesh Kumar Chaudhay Presenter's Affiliation: Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Title: Gas Sensing Properties of Eco-friendly Synthesized Zno Ultrafine Particles Using Mugwort Leaves Extract Location: In-Person Presentation, CDP Show/Hide Abstract Gas Sensing Properties of Eco-Friendly Synthesized ZnO Ultrafine Particles Using Mugwort Leaves Extract
Ganesh Paudel, Sadip Nepal1, Omshree Rijal1, Prakash Aryal1, Sukrit Kumar Yadav1, Surya Kumari2 Joshi, Hari krishna Neupane3, Dinesh Kumar Chaudhay1*
1Department of Physics, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
2Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
3 Central Department of Physics, Tribhuvan University, Kritipur, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
Corresponding author Email:din.2033@gmail.com or dinesh.chaudhary@ac.tu.edu.np
Abstract: Pure ZnO (T0) and Av doped ZnO (T5) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via a precipation method, and their optical, structural, morphological, and gas sensing properties were investigated. The samples were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optical analyses revealed a red shift in the absorption, edge from 378 nm for T0 to 380 nm for T5 while the band gap energies suggested the nature of both insulators and wide range semiconductors for the synthesized NPs. The XRD analysis confirmed the polycrystalline nature and cubic structures. The structural analysis revealed the polycrystalline and wurzite structure with larger crystallite size (20.29±1.83 nm) and strain (6.06±0.92) of sample T5 than that of T0 (crystallite size, 17.59±0.36 and strain, 6.12±0.66), indicating the higher stability of T5. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the transformation of grains of diameter 48.96±0.68, and length, 85.66 ± 2 nm for T0 to the grains of diameter , average diameter for T0 into elongated grains of diameter, 69.80 ±3.01 nm and length, 122.85 nm for T5, which is advantageous for gas sensing applications.
Keywords: ZnO, Green synthesis, Morphology modification, Elongated grain, Ammonia sensing, Room temperature
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00039 Presenting Author: Puskar Raj Sharma Co-Authors: nan Presenter's Affiliation: Tribhuvan University Title: Structural And Reactivity Behavior of Didanosine Ffrom Quantum Chemical Calculation Location: In-Person Presentation, CDP Show/Hide Abstract In this study, we have investigated the structural, electronic, and spectroscopic characteristics of the antiviral nucleoside analogue didanosine using Density Functional Theory (DFT) at the RB3LYP/3-21G(d,p) level. The optimized geometry reveals a stable molecular configuration with a minimum ground-state energy of ?9.648 × 10? kcal mol?¹, while calculated bond lengths and bond angles fall within expected theoretical ranges, confirming structural stability. Frontier molecular orbital analysis shows HOMO and LUMO energies of ?5.924 eV and ?0.728 eV, respectively, with a significant energy gap of 5.196 eV, indicating high kinetic stability and low chemical reactivity. Global reactivity descriptors further suggest moderate electrophilic behavior, supported by electronegativity (3.326 eV) and electrophilicity index (2.132 eV). MEP mapping identifies electron-rich regions around oxygen and nitrogen atoms, highlighting probable reactive sites for intermolecular interactions. Vibrational analysis shows that the molecule possesses 81 normal modes, with characteristic FT-IR and Raman peaks corresponding to NH? stretching (~3520 cm?¹), C=O stretching (~1792 cm?¹), and CH vibrations in the 3000–3200 cm?¹ region, confirming the presence of key functional groups., while NBO results reveal strong intramolecular charge transfer interactions contributing to molecular stabilization. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the electronic structure and reactivity of didanosine, which is crucial for predicting its interaction with biological targets. The insights gained from this study can aid in the rational design of improved nucleoside analogues with enhanced stability and efficacy, thereby supporting future developments in antiviral drug research and computational drug design.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00046 Presenting Author: Prakash Aryal Co-Authors: nan Presenter's Affiliation: Amrit campus Title: Investigating the Physical Properties Of Zr2FeSb Full-heusler Compound: First-principles Calculation Location: In-Person Presentation, CDP Show/Hide Abstract Abstract
In this work, we study the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of Zr2FeSb full-Heusler compound using density functional theory (DFT) method using VASP computational software. The properties of the compound are examined using exchange PBE functional. The structural stability of these materials is confirmed from calculated its lattice constants, bond lengths, and formation energy. The phonon dispersion curves show that considered compound is dynamically stable. Band structure plot of Zr2FeSb exhibits metallic behaviour, which indicating that it has good electrical conductivity, the density of states (DOS) and Partial Density of States (PDOS) of considered compound shows that it has non-magnetic in nature. Therefore, studied compound can be used in the field of devices applications.
Keywords: Band structure, DFT, dynamical stability, electronic properties.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00045 Presenting Author: Mahendra Adhikari Co-Authors: Dinesh Thapa Presenter's Affiliation: Patan Multiple Campus, Tribhuban University Title: DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF NANOPOROUS CARBON FROM DIOSPYROS MALABARICA (TIJU) SEED FOR SUPERCAPACITOR APPLICATIONS CARBON Location: In-Person Presentation, CDP Show/Hide Abstract For the development of porous carbon materials, biomass is a sustainable carbon source. Biomass is a sustainable carbon source. Biomass carbon has been widely investigated in sensing, separation, and energy storage and conversion applications because of its high surface area, tunable porosity, surface functionalities, and high chemical stability. In this study, activated carbon was synthesized from different chemical activators (potassium hydroxide (KOH), zinc chloride (ZnCl?), and phosphoric acid (H?PO?)) and carbonized under nitrogen gas at 600 °C and named TK_600, TZ_600, and TH_600, respectively. The disordered nature, morphology, and surface functional groups of ACs were examined by Raman, SEM, and FTIR. The electrochemical properties of the AC electrode were studied in 6M KOH in the potential range of -1.0 to 0 V using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques in a three-electrode system. In all, TK_600 shows a higher capacitance of 271 A/g, followed by TZ_600 and TH_600 of 249 A/g and 177 A/g, respectively, at 0.25 A/g current density. TZ_600 showed 95.75 cyclic retention, followed by TK_600 (94%) and TH_600 (93.57%) after 5000 cycles at 20 A/g. EIS analysis revealed TZ-600 showed the lowest ohmic resistance and the best ion transport. TK_600 exhibited the highest capacitive behavior due to a larger surface area but a more heterogeneous structure. TH_600 showed higher resistance and restricted diffusion, indicating that the activation method strongly influences charge transfer and ion diffusion properties. Tiju, a plentiful, self-grown biomass that indirectly contributes to carbon emissions, is being used to prepare nanoporous carbon that has great potential as an electrode material in energy storage applications.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00040 Presenting Author: Mana Prasad Neupane Co-Authors: Hari Krishna Neupane; Sukrit Kumar Yadav; Kamal Khanal; Karan Deuba; Arpan Pokharel; Om Shree Rijal. Presenter's Affiliation: Central Department of Physics Title: Comprehensive study of the structural, electronic, magnetic, mechanical, dynamical, thermal and optical properties of monolayer WTe2 compound via DFT approach Location: In-Person Presentation, CDP Show/Hide Abstract The potential applications of the materials are determined by their intrinsic properties. In this work
we have employed first principles calculations based on density functional theory within GGA
PBE framework to investigate the structural, electronic, magnetic, mechanical, dynamical, thermal,
electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of (3×3) supercell of Tungsten ditelluride (WTe2)
compound. The ground state energy of the supercell structure is found to be –238.10 eV confirming
to be structural stability. We have analyzed the band structure, density of states (DOS), and partial
density of states (PDOS) plots and confirmed the material as a direct band gap p-type
semiconductor with non-magnetic properties. The mechanical properties of WTe2 are studied by
calculations of elastic constants. It is found to be stable, anisotropic, and ductile in nature. Further,
we have confirmed the dynamical stability of the material through the phonon dispersion curve.
Based on the calculations of phonon velocities and Debye temperature, it is found that the material
has a low value of specific heat capacity. Optical analysis exhibits that the material has transparent
and anisotropic behavior at higher photon energies with enhanced conductivity. These findings
demonstrate that WTe2 is a potential candidate for electronic and optoelectronic applications.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00076 Presenting Author: Dhirendra Prasad Upadhyay Co-Authors: Om Jha Presenter's Affiliation: Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus Title: In Silico Study of Natural Compounds Aas Potential URAT1 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Uric Acid Location: In-Person Presentation, CDP Show/Hide Abstract Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disorder caused by elevated serum uric acid levels and is a major risk factor for gout and related complications. Since the human urate transporter 1 (URAT1) reabsorbs nearly 90% of filtered uric acid in the kidneys, it is an important therapeutic target. However, although several URAT1 inhibitors are clinically available, their use is limited by toxicity and adverse effects. Natural products offer a promising source of bioactive compounds for novel drug discovery. This study aimed to identify potential natural URAT1 inhibitors through an in silico study.Bioactivity data for URAT1 inhibitors were collected from the ChEMBL database after applying drug-likeness, PAINS, and Brenk filters. Molecular descriptors were generated using ECFP6 fingerprints, and a Random Forest classifier was developed to distinguish active and inactive compounds. The model achieved strong predictive performance, with a 5-fold cross-validation ROC-AUC of 0.923 ± 0.039, a test ROC-AUC of 0.892, and an MCC of 0.661, indicating reliable classification capability. The optimized model was then applied to virtually screen 715,344 natural compounds from the COCONUT database, identifying top-ranked hits for docking studies. Molecular docking against the URAT1 protein revealed several promising candidates, with CNP0121706.0 and CNP0568038.0 exhibiting the highest binding affinities of ?10.18 kcal/mol and ?10.13 kcal/mol, respectively. Further, RMSD, RMSF, RG, SASA and H-bond analyses using molecular dynamics simulations show both complexes are stable upto 200 ns.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00026 Presenting Author: Krishna Baduwal Co-Authors: nan Presenter's Affiliation: Central Department Of Physics, Kirtipur Title: Structural, Transport and Thermodynamics Properties of Promethazine Location: In-Person Presentation, CDP Show/Hide Abstract This study explores the transport and thermodynamic properties of Promethazine
in water using molecular dynamics simulations. The solubility and dissolution rate of
drugs, which are key for oral drug absorption, depend on factors like diffusion coeffi-
cient and solvation-free energy. In this work, we have studied the thermodynamics and
transport properties of Promethazine through Molecular Dynamics Simulations using
the SPC/E water model and the GROMOS force field. The solvation free energy of
Promethazine in water at 310 K has been calculated using thermodynamic integration
(TI) and free energy perturbation (FEP) based methods, using TI, TI-cubic, BAR and
MBAR in 21 coupling constant (??) values. Additionally, the self-diffusion coefficients
have evaluated at 310 K using Einstein’s relations and the binary diffusion coefficients
using Darken’s relations, while shear viscosities of both Promethazine and water were
obtained from productions simulations with Einstein’s relation. The structural and sol-
vation characteristics were further explored by analysis of the radial distribution function
(RDF) and the time evolution of the solvent-accessible surface area (SASA). Further,
hydration dynamics of Promethazine have studied using Python. The average nearby
water molecules around Proemethazine have found 39. Overall, these findings provide
valuable insight into the solvation behavior and physical properties of Promethazine in
aqueous environments.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00093 Presenting Author: Nabin Bhusal Co-Authors: Manil Khatiwada, Yogesh Singh Maharjan, Chandra Bahadur Singh, Niraj Dhital Presenter's Affiliation: CDP Title: Relativistic and Pseudo-newtonian Effects on Equipartition Magnetic Fields in Black Hole Accretion Location: In-Person Presentation, CDP Show/Hide Abstract \begin{abstract}
In astrophysical accretion flows onto compact objects, the interplay between gravity, plasma dynamics, and magnetic fields governs the observable emission and feedback processes. A useful simplifying assumption in estimating magnetic field strengths is equipartition, wherein the magnetic energy density is comparable to the local kinetic energy density of the infalling material. This paper examines the stationary, spherically symmetric equipartition magnetic field profile under three different gravitational descriptions: the fully relativistic Schwarzschild metric, a pseudo-Newtonian Paczy\'nski--Wiita potential that captures the existence of an innermost stable orbit, and the Reissner--Nordstr\"om spacetime, which includes the effects of a central electric charge. In each case, we parameterize magnetic back-reaction on the inflow velocity via a constant factor $\varepsilon \leq 1$.
The analysis yields a characteristic $B \propto r^{-5/4}$ scaling at large radii in all three models, with steeper growth near the event horizon in the pseudo-Newtonian case and a weakening correction factor $(1 - q^2 / r_g r)^{1/4}$ for a charged black hole. These analytic estimates provide a foundational reference for interpreting numerical simulations and observational constraints on magnetic fields in black-hole accretion environments.
\textbf{Keywords}:{accretion, accretion disks -- black hole physics -- Kerr spacetime -- radiatively inefficient accretion flows (RIAFs) -- advection-dominated accretion flows (ADAFs) -- general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD) -- sub-Keplerian flows -- relativistic astrophysics}
\end{abstract}
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00060 Presenting Author: Rudra Prasad Poudel Co-Authors: Rudra Prasad Poudel; Ram Krishna Tiwari; Harihar Paudyal Presenter's Affiliation: Central Department of Physics Title: Fractal Seismicity and B-value in the Central Himalaya Location: In-Person Presentation, CDP Show/Hide Abstract The Seismic b-value and fractal dimensions (Dc) are two parameters that both estimate the seismic behavior of a region. Here, dividing the Central Himalaya region into four cluster regions from west to east, these parameters are estimated. The International Seismological Society (ISC) data from 1964 to December 2023 are used. After de-clustering at a 95% confidence level, the number of clusters for the selected seismic regions was finalized as 367, 96, 296, and 213, with a magnitude of completeness (MC) ranging from 3.6 to 3.7.
Dc values for regions 1 to 4 are 1.61 ± 0.42, 1.29 ± 0.36, 1.62 ± 0.40, and 1.46 ± 0.30, and the b-values are 0.65 ± 0.03, 0.73 ± 0.08, 0.95 ± 0.05, and 0.73 ± 0.05, respectively. The results reveal distinct seismic characteristics across the cluster regions. Region 2 exhibits the lowest Dc (1.29) and moderately low b-value (0.73), indicating highly clustered seismicity along a simple master fault that represents the highest seismic potential. The positive correlation between b-value and Dc also supports simple fault geometry. In contrast, Regions 1 and 3 show higher Dc values (1.61 and 1.62), indicating distributed deformation across complex fault networks. However, Region 1 has an unusually low b-value (0.65), suggesting strong, competent rocks that sustain high stress even with distributed fracturing. The higher b-value in Region 3 may be due to loss of stress during the Gorkha earthquake (7.6 Mw). Region 4 shows intermediate characteristics (Dc = 1.46, b = 0.73), representing a transitional regime between simple and complex faulting. In conclusion, region 2 is identified as the most hazardous region in the Central Himalaya and needs further study.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00064 Presenting Author: Prakash Man Shrestha Co-Authors: Rudra Aryal;Baburam Tiwari;Khem Narayan Poudyal Presenter's Affiliation: Patan Multiple Campus Title: Atmospheric Turbidity and Visibility over Western City of Nepal, Nepalgunj Location: In-Person Presentation, CDP Show/Hide Abstract Atmospheric turbidity and visibility are an important for the air pollution and climate change. This paper deals about temporal variation of atmospheric visibility and atmospheric turbidity over Western City of Nepal, Nepalgunj (28.05oN, 81.62oE and 165 m a.s.l.). The solar radiation, Linke Turbidity index and visibility are calculated from daily clearness index data of NASA satellite for period of 11 years (2008 to 2018). The annual average of solar radiation (Hg), clearness index (KT), Linke turbidity index (LT) and visibility are found 17.4 ±7.0 MJ/m2/day, 0.53 ± 0.13, 4.1 ± 1.9 and 10.1 ± 3.7 km respectively. In study period, number of good days (visibility >15 km) and number of bad days (visibility < 5 km) are found to be 387 and 276 respectively for aviation whereas number of clear days (KT > 0.65) and number of cloudy days (KT < 0.34) are found to be 758 and 404 respectively. The study also applied the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) to scrutinize Hg, KT, LT and visibility. A notable observation is the power density peak of 200 in the LT during the period from the mid of 2012 to the mid of 2013, within 7.5-year timeframe. The visibility and atmospheric turbidity are used on agriculture, hydrology, climate change, aviation and energy harvesting. This research work is beneficial for the further identification, impact and analysis of atmospheric turbidity and visibility at different places.
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Abstract Number: ANPA2026N00065 Presenting Author: Madhu Sudan Paudel Co-Authors: Basu Dev Ghimire; Narayan Prasad Chapagain Presenter's Affiliation: Central Department of Physics, IoST, TU Title: Morphological Changes in Eia Profile Prior to Strong Earthquakes in Low-latitude Regions Location: In-Person Presentation, CDP Show/Hide Abstract In low-latitude regions, the behavior of ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) prior to strong earthquakes is strongly influenced by the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA). In this study, we investigate the morphological changes in the EIA profile preceding earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 6.0 that occurred in recent decades across South Asian and Pacific regions. Ionospheric TEC data are obtained from GNSS stations located within the earthquake preparation zone (EPZ) and from Global Ionospheric Maps (GIM-TEC). To identify anomalies, both temporal and spatial variations of TEC are analyzed in the days leading up to the earthquakes. The latitudinal distribution of TEC reveals significant morphological changes in the EIA profile on anomaly days. It is observed that the EIA crests tend to shift equatorward during negative TEC anomalies and poleward during positive anomalies. In some cases, one of the EIA crests nearly disappears, while in most cases, asymmetric or unbalanced crest structures are evident from a few days up to about a week prior to the earthquake. These changes are likely associated with the interaction between earthquake-induced anomalous electric fields and the background zonal electric field, which modulates the fountain effect in the EIA region. Such processes can be interpreted within the framework of the lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling (LAIC) mechanism.
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